阅读题除了有文章的主旨大意题外，更多的是对文章的特定信息和细节进行考查———即细节题，其目的是为了测验考生对组成文章的主体部分的理解程度。这种题型所占比例较高，但细节题是相对容易题，是对字面意义的理解测试，属于必须得分的题型。因此“细节”决定成败。但在平时考试和练习中，考生们却屡有失分现象。事实上考生们错误的根源不外乎以下两个方面———定位不准确，语意转化与原文有出入。请看下面一篇阅读理解题：

In 1841，a book was published which astonished the world.It was called “Incidents of Travel in Central America，Chiapas and Yucatan” The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long， difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood，an architect and artist，to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas(玛雅).Very little was known about the Mayas at that time，but Catherwood‘s drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples，pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors，the Aztecs.These cities，however，were deserted.The inhabitants(居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before.

Since that time，far more has been learned about this remarkable civilization. The Mayas had a highly developed system of government and agriculture，as well as an incredibly accurate(精确) system of measuring time.They were also wonderful engineers capable of moving huge blocks stone long distance and cutting them to accurate shapes and sizes.

And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel，they never used it.Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned(抛弃) many of the cities and built new ones in the jungle. Some time around AD900，Mayan civilization collapsed. By the year 1200，their last great capital，Chichen Itza，was deserted.

Who were these strange people and the even stranger gods they worshipped？What brought about their sudden and mysterious colapse？Some writers have tried to prove that the Mayas had contact with visitors from space and even that they themselves came from another planet.Some people believe that their civilization came to an end because the Mayas never developed a proper resistance to local germs and diseases. All we realy know is that when the first Europeans appeared off their coast in 1517，this great and mysterious culture was only a memory.

1.Stephen’s book astonished the world because_________

A.it was the first time people heard about Mayas.

B.the Mayas were excellent builders and farmers.

C.he had experienced so many difficulties to find this lost civilization.

D.it described that the Mayas used to be an advanced civilization.

属于细节题。根据问题中的关键词astonished，把本问题定位在第一句In 1841，a book was published which astonished the world.对下面的几个重要事实的归纳概括就得出正确答案：D

本题启示：细节题的答案都在关键词的周围，范围局限于某一局部。

2.One of the most surprising findings about Mayas was that________

A.they developed accurate system measuring time.

B.they knew how to build pyramids with stones.

C.they deserted their cities and moved to new ones.

D.they built cities which they never lived in.

属于细节题。尽管同学们很快发现题干中的关键词为the most surprising。但在原文中定位不准确，把incredibly(令人难以置信地)作为对应点，忽略了最高级，故选A。正确答案是C。对应点为What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned many of the cities and built new ones in the jungle.是对原文语意进行了转化———最高级代替了比较级。

本题启示：定位是关键。文章中的事实并非都是考点，只有与众不同的才是命题人的最爱。

3.At last Mayas disappeared from the world most probably in_______.

A.a thousand years before 1841

B.around AD 900

C.any year between 1200 and 1517

D.1200

属于细节题中较难的。由于有的同学对题干的理解不到位，出现了定位错误。把By the year 1200，their last great capital，Chichen Itza，was deserted.当成了出处。首都的抛弃，并不是玛雅人的消失。而真正的出处是最后一句All we really know is that when the first Europeans appeared off their coast in 1517，this great and mysterious culture was only a memory.所以选择C。

本题启示：考题不是游戏“连连看”。千万牢记“原始数据不是正确答案”。

4.What brought about Mayan sudden colapse？

A.Tropical germs and disease

B.European conquest

C.Mysterious force from outer space

D.No one knows for sure

属于细节题中的事实辨认。文中除了猜测就是猜测。所以选择D。

本题启示：敢于对问题“说不”。

(张晶\张丽欣，石家庄市第二中学)